Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It occurs in the colon or rectum, often developing from precancerous polyps. Early detection through colorectal cancer screening tests and lab tests significantly improves treatment success rates.
Why Awareness Matters
Colorectal cancer is highly preventable and treatable if detected early. By raising awareness, we encourage people to get screened. It helps them recognize colorectal cancer symptoms. It also promotes a healthier lifestyle to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer, including:
- Age (50+ years, though cases in younger adults are rising)
- Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Diet high in red and processed meats
- Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease
Recognising the Symptoms
Signs of colon cancer may not always present noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, common warning signs include:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Blood in the stool (bright red or dark)
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and weakness
- Feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
If you experience any of these colorectal cancer symptoms consult a healthcare professional immediately.
How Colorectal Cancer is Diagnosed
Early detection through colorectal cancer screening tests can prevent the disease from advancing. Healthcare laboratories play a crucial role in the diagnostic process through the following tests:
1. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)
The Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is a simple screening method. It checks for hidden blood in the stool. This blood can be an early sign of colorectal polyps or cancer. FIT is the standard of care for fecal occult blood testing as it has higher sensitivity and specificity
2. Stool DNA Test (sDNA test)
This test detects abnormal DNA and blood in stool samples. This tool is useful for identifying genetic mutations associated with colorectal cancer.
3. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Test
CEA is a protein found in some colorectal cancer cases. A CEA blood test measures Carcinoembryonic Antigen levels can help in monitoring treatment effectiveness or detecting recurrence.
4. Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening allows direct visualisation of the colon and rectum, enabling doctors to remove polyps before they turn cancerous.
5. Sigmoidoscopy
Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines only the lower part of the colon. Doctors often use it as an initial screening tool to spot early signs of cancer.
6. Biopsy and Histopathology
During a colonoscopy, doctors look for anything unusual. This can include polyps or strange growths. If they find something, they may take a small tissue sample. We call this sample a biopsy. This sample is sent to the laboratory for further analysis.
At Parkway Laboratories, our medical technologists and pathologists work closely together to examine these tissue samples under a microscope. This process is called histopathology. It is an important part of anatomical pathology. This field studies organs, tissues, and cells. The goal is to accurately diagnose diseases, such as colorectal cancer.
Depending on the type of sample, our lab may also perform cytopathology, which looks at individual cells for abnormalities. These detailed tests help determine if cancer cells are present. They also show how aggressive the cells might be and they help decide the best treatment options.
7. Molecular Testing for Colorectal Cancer
Molecular testing plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. These tests analyse specific genetic mutations—such as KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF—in tumour cells. Identifying these mutations helps guide oncologists in selecting the most effective targeted therapies, improving treatment precision and outcomes.
Prevention and Lifestyle Changes
Reducing colorectal cancer risk involves adopting healthier habits:
- Regular Screening: Start screening at age 50 (or earlier for high-risk individuals).
- Healthy Diet: Eat fibre-rich foods, fruits, and vegetables while reducing red and processed meats.
- Physical Activity: Engage in at least 30 minutes of exercise most days.
- Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol: These lifestyle changes significantly lower cancer risk.
Act This Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month
Colorectal cancer is preventable and highly treatable when detected early. If you're over 50 or have risk factors, schedule a screening today. Speak with your doctor about the best diagnostic tests based on your medical history.
Parkway Laboratories offers colorectal cancer diagnostic tests such as:
- FIT - A test that checks for occult (hidden) blood in the stool
- CEA Test – This test measures a specific blood protein. It helps monitor cancer progression, assess treatment effectiveness, and check for recurrence, especially in colorectal cancer.
- LucenceINSIGHT 50 - Screens and monitors for 50 cancers including Colorectal Cancer
- Idylla Single Gene (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/MSI) Tests – Provide quick testing. This helps doctors find specific genetic changes in colorectal cancer cells. With this information, they can choose the best targeted treatments.
- Lucence Rapid TissueMark – Uses advanced sequencing to find important genetic changes in cancer cells. This helps doctors choose the best treatments for cancer patients.
- APEX Tissue 50 Genes by MiRXES – Uses next-generation sequencing to identify key genetic changes in cancer cells, aiding doctors in selecting suitable treatments for cancer patients.
Early detection saves lives—contact your doctor to schedule a test today!
